Copsmology: discoveries and mysteries

A.M. Cherepashchuk, A.D. Chernin

Cosmology is a special kind of science. It studies the universe as an integral whole physical system with its specific features which are not reduced to the sum of features of astronomical bodies and physical fields populating it. The size of the observable universe is approximately 10 B LY. It makes the largest and unique object of study in science on a spatial scale. Obviously, in this regard cosmology considerably differs from other natural sciences. However, similarly to any other science, established facts, reliable information about real objects, processes, and phenomena are most important for cosmology. The article written by well-known Russian astrophysicists is devoted to the discussion of four major discoveries made in cosmology and difficult puzzles both old and quite new that are yet to be solved

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